个体与家庭的选择:京津中年女性专业人员的退休准备

The Choices between Individual and Family:The Retirement Preparation of Middle-aged Professional Women in Beijing and Tianjin

本文关注出生于二十世纪五六十年代的中年女性专业人士,她们搭上了1977年恢复高考的始发车,占据了"越老越吃香"的工作领域,是第一代独生子女的母亲,正面临着即将到来的退休。她们如何准备自己的退休生活映射了众多社会议题,如男女退休年龄差异、空巢家庭、职业女性、社会公平等,这些都预示着未来女性退休的发展态势。通过13个深度访谈,可以发现,中年女性专业人员整体并非无力进行退休准备,而是不愿做退休准备,这主要是源于中国经济社会的飞速发展以及民众对未来的不可预测感。她们对退休生活的担忧主要集中在经济方面,为此采取了多种手段确保自己不会成为子女的负担。不同于西方的个体化理论,这群女性的退休准备行为背后展现出个体、家庭、国家与社会的复杂关系。在现有政策制度下,她们依然接受传统的"照顾家庭"的性别角色定位,但会选择最优的策略,技术是其能够选择的资本,而家庭是影响最终抉择的核心因素。

Our informants were middle-aged professional women who had met the resumption of the College Entrance Examination which was discontinued during the Cultural Revolution.Based on 13 in-depth interviews with middle-aged professional women in Beijing and Tianjin,our research shows that they were not unable to prepare for their retirement,but were quite reluctant to do so because of the unpredictable future and the too-rapid socio-economic development of China.They were worried about income after retirement,so they used various methods to assure they would not become a burden to their children in the future.They still accept their traditional gender role orientation as“family caregivers”,but they could choose the best strategy between individual value-pursuing and family need.In choosing their strategies for retirement,their professional training is their most important capital,and family constitutes the core factor influencing their choices.