新经济与规制改革

New Economy and Regulatory Reform

发展新经济是引领经济新常态和培育经济增长新动能的必然选择。作为新型经济形态,新经济的运行在基础支撑、技术特征、组织结构、产业组织等方面都迥然有别于传统经济。本文从企业进入战略、面临的新机会、市场需求条件、生产要素转换、相关产业支持以及政府角色六个方面揭示了新经济的产生机理,并从底层推动力、内部运行系统、外部环境三个方面阐述了新经济的运行逻辑。在新经济的运行逻辑下,传统上基于垄断、信息不对称、外部性、公共产品、信息安全等因素而产生的政府规制需求发生了根本变化。为适应新经济发展,政府规制改革势在必行。为此,方向上应从强化规制转向放松规制,内容上应从经济性规制转向社会性规制,方式上应从歧视性规制转向公平竞争规制,方法上应从正面清单制转向负面清单制,流程上应从前置审批转向后置监管,机构上应从专业型部门转向综合型部门,机制上应注重使用"规制沙盒"。

Developing new economy is an inevitable choice for guiding the new normal state and fostering new driving forces.As new operational types of economy,the new economy has many differences from traditional economy in basis support,technical characteristics,organizational structure and industrial organization.This paper analyzes the mechanism of production of the new economy from six factors,including entry strategies of new enterprises,opportunities in the new environments,new demands of market,new production factors,the support of relevant industries and the functions of government.Whereafter,it illustrates the operating logic of the new economy from the underlying impetus,the internal operating system and the external environment.There have been many requirements changes of government regulation for the new logic,specifically in the following five aspects:monopoly,information asymmetry,externalities,public goods and public information security risks.To adapt to the development of the new economy,the reforms of government regulation are essential.So we should shift from strengthening regulation to deregulation in reform direction,from economic regulation to social regulation in terms of content,from discriminatory regulation to fair competition regulations in the manner,from negative to positive lists of what enterprises are allowed to in the methods,from pre-approval to post-regulation on the process,from professional department to comprehensive department in the institutions and using regulatory sandbox on the mechanisms.