家庭转型的“伦理陷阱”——当前农村老年人危机的一种阐释路径

The "Ethical Trap" in Family Transition:An Interpretation for the Current Elderly Crisis in Rural Areas

现代性进村触发了农民家庭转型,并极大地改变了老年人的生活境遇。既有研究试图以伦理危机对家庭转型中的养老危机进行定性。但是,对老年人危机生成逻辑的理解需要回到家庭转型的具体实践中,家庭再生产过程是透视家庭转型实践的微观窗口。在家庭转型过程中,面对家庭内部资源转移的失控和权力让渡的失范,家庭伦理通过适应家庭发展主义的目标而重构,具体表现为父代本体性价值的扩张、社会性价值的收缩和基础性价值的转换。家庭伦理的重构强化了农民家庭再生产的动力,并反馈到家庭内部资源转移和权力让渡的实践过程。同时,这也意味着在家庭转型过程中父代担负并践行着几乎没有止境的伦理责任,父代深深陷入"伦理陷阱",因此,父代的"老化"过程也是其危机状态生成并逐渐锁定的过程。

With the promotion of village modernization and the transfomialion of rural family life,the situation of the rural elderly has changed greatly.Existing studies have defined the pension crisis in the process of&mily transformatiQn as an“ethical crisis”.However,a good understanding of the elderly crisis should be based on the concrete practice of femily transformatLon.The process of fomily reproduction can be regarded as a window for microscopic examinatioii of tbe fomily transfommtion practice.In the process of femily transformation,facing uncontrolled domestic resources transfer and disordered state of power transfer,the family ethics has been restructured to ad^>t to the goal of femily developmentalism It is qaessed as expansion of ontological value of the parent generation,contraction of social value and transfarmation of basic value.The reconstruction of femily ethics has given new impetus for fermers'femily reproduction and provided feedback on the practice of internal resources transfer and power transfer.At the same time,this also means that in the process of family transformadoti,the parent generation tends to cany and practice endless ethical responsibilities,thus falling into a deep“etiiical trap”.Therefore,an ageing process of the parent generation also represents an incremental process in which the crisis has come into being and locked in gradually.