清代四川慈善组织与移民社会探究

A study of Sichuan charity organization and immigrant society in Qing Dynasty

清代四川是一个典型的移民社会,移民的过度涌入引发了流民、土客冲突等社会问题,慈善组织随之设立。救济移民的慈善组织主要为栖流所以及施棺代葬类,其时空分布特征与移民之间存在一定关联性。慈善组织稳定了移民社会秩序,部分移民通过从仕、经商等方式提升了社会地位,他们也参与慈善组织的创设与管理,并由此增强了自身的威望与实力,最终促进了外来移民与四川社会的整合。

After the war in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasty,Sichuan region economy depressed,a sharp decrease in population,therefore Qing Government carried out positive immigration policy.However,a large number of immigrants came into Sichuan region,which resulting in a series of social problems,charity organization played an important role in immigration process,reliefing to immigrants in many ways,and they are mainly include qi-liu-suo,coffins-applied and burial-aid,and their temporal and spatial distribution has a connection with immigrants.Meanwhile,some immigrants acquired powerful political and economic status by filling an office and doing business,they also participated in charity.Charity organizations enhanced immigrants’actual strength and prestige,finally,accelerating the integration of immigrants and Sichuan society.