环境损害司法鉴定:制度框架、现实困境与破解思路

Forensic Expertise of Enviromental Damage:System Framework, Realistic Dilemma and Solution

在环境司法中法律责任的性质判定和责任大小确认均有赖于环境损害司法鉴定,而科学、公正的环境损害司法鉴定需要规范的机制设计予以保障。通过对环境损害鉴定评估机构、环保法庭和环境监管机构的调研,经深入分析、研判得出,环境损害司法鉴定机制应由技术性机制、程序性机制、监管机制和保障机制构成,包括以技术规范、程序规则、资质管理和法律责任等为核心的制度设计。当前,我国的环境损害司法鉴定机制存在司法鉴定机构不足、准入标准不明、人员匮乏、技术支撑不够、监管无力、法制粗疏等困境,亟需通过制度建设予以破解,以服务于环境管理和环境司法。

Judging the nature and the nature of the responsibility of envronmental damage depends on forensic expertise calls for normadve mechanism.By investigating some environmental damage appraisal agencies,some environment courts and environment administrations,we find that the environmental damage identification and evaluation mechanism consists of technical,procedural,regulatory and safeguards mechanisms.It includes the technical specifications,procedural rules,qualification management and legal responsibility.Now,in China,there are many dilemmas with the identification and assessment of environmental damage mechanism.These dilemmas include lacking of assessment agencies,the access standards are unknown,lacking of staff,technical support is not enough,powerless supervision and the legal system is not rigorous.In order to meet the needs of environmental management and environmental forensics,all of these dilemmas need to be resolved by creating legal system as soon as possible.