一般数据、虚体、数字资本——数字资本主义的三重逻辑

General Data,Virtual Bodies,and Digital Capital: Three Logics of Digital Capitalism

理解数字时代的资本主义,把握数字资本主义的哲学内涵,首先需要从本体论上看到:一般数据正在塑造出一个类似于货币这样的巨大的数字界面或平台,将一切人和物都囊括其中,而所有的对象都必须经过一般数据的中介,在数字化空间中呈现出来。经过数字化中介的行动变成了虚体,虚体是数字化界面最基本的存在单元。这意味着在存在论上,数字时代塑造出了人与人,甚至人与非人之间的虚体交往关系。但最重要的是,作为数字资本的一般数据,是所有在数字化平台上的用户生产出来的,而被少数数字资本家占有。数字资本主义的政治经济学批判需要打破这种垄断,将虚体活动共同生产出来的一般数据,转化为一种共享,为一种真正的未来共同体铺平道路。

To understand capitalism in the digital era and grasp its philosophical content,it is important to view it ontologically and to realize that general data have constructed a digital interface or platform,which is similar to currency,to unite everyone and everything in the world.All objects are mediated and embodied in digital space through general data.Through the mediation of data,actualities become virtual bodies,which act as the fundamental unit in the digital interface.This means that digital data has built virtual relationships not only among human,but also between human and the inhuman.Most importantly,general data as digital capital are produced by all the users of a digital platform,but are appropriated by a few capitalists.A critique of political economy in digital capitalism needs to break through this monopoly on general data and to transform the monopoly into a collectivity,which will in the future pave the way to real community.