早产儿视网膜病变黄斑中心视网膜微血管形态特征:基于光学相干断层扫描血管成像(OCTA)的观察

Observation of central macular retinal microvascular network morphology of retinopathy of prematurity by optical coherence tomography angiography

目的采用光学相干断层扫描血管成像(optical coherence tomography angiography,OCT A)观察并分析早产儿视网膜病变(retinopathy of prematurity,ROP)患儿黄斑中心视网膜微血管网的特征。方法采用横断面研究,选取有ROP激光治疗病史的7～15岁ROP患儿14例25眼设为ROP组及年龄相对应的足月出生儿童20例40眼设为对照组。使用RTVue XR Avanti-OCTA等仪器对两组儿童的最佳矫正视力(best corrected visual acuity,BCVA)、黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度(central foveal thickness,CFT)、黄斑中心凹无血管区(foveal avascular zone,FAZ)面积、表层视网膜血管网(superficial retinal capillary plexus,组患儿的FAZ面积分别为(0.04±0.05)mm^2和(0.29±0.08)mm^2,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。ROP组和对照组的SCP密度分别为42.70%±5.90%和35.90%±6.30%,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.010)。ROP组和对照组的CFT分别为(328.50±34.90)μm和(236.80±23.40)μm,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。ROP组和对照组患儿BCVA分别为0.83±0.14和0.85±0.26,组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 ROP组患儿具有更小或没有形成明显的FAZ,同时伴有CFT增厚和SCP密度增加;FAZ面积及CFT对ROP患儿BCVA无明显影响。

Objective To analyze the characteristics of central macular retinal microvascular network morphology of retinopathy of prematurity(ROP)with optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA).Methods The 7-15 years old ROP children with laser treatment history(ROP group,25 eyes of 14 patients)and full-term children(control group,40 eyes of 20 patients)were collected by cross-sectional study.The subjects in the two groups were examined by RTVue XR Avanti-OCTA,and several parameters including the detection of the best corrected visual acuity(BCVA),central foveal thickness(CFT),foveal avascular zone(FAZ),macular superficial retinal capillary plexus(SCP)density were recorded and analyzed statistically with t test in the two groups.Results The area of FAZ in ROP group was(0.04±0.05)mm 2,which was significantly less than that in control group[(0.29±0.08)mm 2](P<0.001).The SCP density of ROP group was 42.70%±5.90%,which was significantly higher than that in the control group(35.90%±6.30%)(P<0.001).The CFT in ROP group was(328.50±34.90)μm,which was significantly higher than that in the control group[(236.80±23.40)μm](P<0.001).The BCVA was 0.83±0.14 in ROP group and 0.85±0.26 in the control group,respectively,without significant difference(P>0.05).Conclusion ROP children have smaller or undefined FAZ,the thickened CFT and the increased SCP density,and the BCVA is not affected by the FAZ area and CFT in this study.