现代日本历史编纂学的几种伴生观念

On the Associated Perceptions of Modern Japanese Historiography

19世纪末开始形成的日本现代历史编纂学是模仿西方实证主义历史学建构的,但并没有像西方那样深厚的历史哲学基础,在思维层面对历史编纂学构成重要影响的是各种各样的历史观念。尝试梳理,可见有亚洲主义、东洋史观、皇国史观、现代化论、自由主义历史观等前后贯通,皆对日本历史编纂学产生重要影响,其程度足以提示对日本现代历史学在亚洲各国处于"领先"地位说以及日本实证主义历史学所能实践的客观性程度重新考量。亚洲现代历史编纂学皆在西方殖民主义东来大背景下以对本民族和国家的重新体认与重塑作为核心关照而展开。日本历史编纂学推演中的特殊张力,在于其在发展早期融入建立日本殖民帝国的语境之中,后来又在重述殖民帝国历史与现代化发展关系之间纠结,其对亚洲邻国历史叙述的基调和方式,也应在这一视角下加以透视。

Largely by imitating the Western positivist historiography,the Japanese modern historiography came into being by the end of the nineteenth century.Without an equally profound philosophy of history as that in the West however,what influenced historian's way of thinking the most in such a new tradition of Japanese historiography have been different kinds of social theories,ideas,or trends.Among them,Asianism,scholarship of Eastern Asian studies,idea of Japanese Imperial-state history,modernization theory,and so-called liberalist history are the major ones which connected each other and influenced the Japanese historiography significantly.Such an investigation actually suggests a critical new evaluation of the modern Japanese historiography as a whole,including the objectivity of the Japanese positivist historiography.To achieve a valid sound understanding of the Japanese historiography,one needs to take the modernization and colonialist expansion practices of Japan into serious consideration.