雍正化民成俗思想及其政治实践

On Thought of Influencing the People and Forming Moral Customs and Its Political Practice of Yongzheng Emperor

雍正继位后,深受帝位合法性危机的困扰,加之长期以来的满汉民族矛盾,使其统治面临颇多危机与挑战,遂采取一系列化民成俗举措,以期移风易俗。他以身作则,率先垂范,使民众有所观感;重视学校建设,广泛设立书院,以兴文教、育人才;明确官吏职责,设立专门机构,以增强政策实施效果;奖惩并用,执法尚严,以起激励与规范的双重作用。通过诸多政治举措的实施,改善了社会风气,增强了国家认同感,在一定程度上形成了社会思想共识,有力地支持和维护了社会政治秩序,巩固了清朝统治。

Yongzheng emperor shaped two different images for himself before he ascended the throne:one was the idle people image;one was the image of insight into the pros and cons of people.Using historical textual research,Yongzheng emperor's idle people image is not credible.And his shape of insight into the image of the pros and cons of people,although has some boast of suspicion,it could be trusted among the historical facts.Yongzheng emperor shaped the two contradictory images;it had close relationship with the politic condition in Yongzheng period.The purposes of Yongzheng emperor were to strengthen the legitimacy of the succession,to emphasize his ability to be competent for the emperor's responsibility and to teach officials by his own experience.