民初“南粮北运”中的政府参与及其局限——以漕运局的设废为分析中心

Government Participate in Transport Grain from South to the North and Its Limits in Early Republican——Focusing on the Establish and Dissolve of Cao Yun Bureau

1914年漕运局的设立是北京政府为应对纯粹商运下米粮运京的缺陷,并为借助"漕米"名义以减少米粮转运的阻力而采取的一项举措。1919年为接济京津民食,北京政府复设漕运局,但江苏省官民因此举可能妨碍本省民食而强烈反对,漕运局的运米计划始终难以进行,于1920年被迫裁撤。漕运局的设立表明民初时期国家权力并未完全退出或放弃对北京地区粮食供应的参与,而该局由设立到裁撤的过程及其实际作用亦反映出政府在这一参与中的乏力与局限,也从一个侧面反映了北京政府权威的弱化。

The established of Cao yun bureau in 1914 was a measure taken by the Beijing Government to overcome the drawbacks of transporting grain to Beijing under the pure commercial mode and reduce the resistance of rice transportation by means of"Caomi".In 1919,in order to protected grain supply for Beijing and Tianjin,the Government re-established Cao yun bureau.However,officials and people in Jiangsu province were strongly opposite to it,they worried that might hinder grain supply of their own province.These makes the bureau's plan was always difficult to carry out,and forced to abolished in 1920.The establishment of the bureau show that the state power did not completely quit or give up on the grain supply in Beijing in early Republican,while the process from set up to dissolve of the bureau as well as its practical effect reflects the weakness and limited of the government's involvement and it also shows the weakening of the authority of the Beijing government.