不同类型失独家庭的社会保障政策困境与解决路径

The Dilemma and Solution of Social Security Policy on Different Types of Families Bereft of Their Only Child

"全面二孩"政策在一定程度上避免了失独家庭规模的进一步扩大,但计划生育政策实施的四十余年间,因社会、自然和个人等原因造成了数量众多的失独家庭,他们仍将面临失独带来的多重困境。由于家庭类型的复杂性和多样性,其面临的困境也各有特殊性。通过梳理失独家庭的类型及其需求,发现当前其社会保障政策本质是社会救助,虽能缓解部分家庭的生存困境,但社会服务和精神慰藉等方面有所不足。因此探索多渠道的筹资机制,建立失独家庭社会保障基金模式,通过政府购买服务来满足各类家庭的特殊需求,逐步做到分类施策和精准化扶助,对满足失独家庭的社会保障需求具有重要意义。

The family scale of China has been weakened by family planning policy for more than forty years,and numerous families bereft of their only child which are facing various dilemmas have been caused because of social,natural and individual risks.The types of families bereft of their only child are diverse and the dilemmas they are facing are also various and different.In fact,it’s obvious that under the current social security policy,the social relief and aid can alleviate the hard life of some families in practice;however it is inadequate in social services and spiritual comfort,etc.To meet the special needs of different families bereft of their only child,the paper proposes that the multi-channel financing mechanism should be explored and the social security fund model of families bereft of their only child should be established.Therefore,it is of great significance for the government to purchase services to meet the special requirements of different families to achieve accurate social security.