北京地区职业人群支气管哮喘及其相关病症的患病率调查

Epidemiological survey of the incidence of bronchial asthma in occupational populations in Beijing area

目的 探讨环境因素与支气管哮喘 (简称哮喘 )患病率的关系。方法 1997年～ 2 0 0 0年在北京地区进行多中心 ,以统一设计的表格、步骤 ,不等比分层、随机、整群抽样、问卷及必要的检查进行职业人群哮喘及其相关疾病患病率的流行病学调查。结果 10个不同行业 ,5 0 5 5 8个样本的职业人群哮喘患病率流行病学调查显示 ,确诊哮喘患者 63 0例 ,患病率为 1 2 5 % ,而市区商贸职工、普通化工厂职工、北京郊区某大型石化公司职工的哮喘患病率依次为 0 5 1%、1 0 6%、2 81%。普通化工厂和石化职工的哮喘患病率明显高于远郊区农民 (0 43 % ,P <0 0 1)。以远郊区农村哮喘相对危险度(RR)为“1”进行分析显示 ,城市一般职工、普通工厂职工、石化公司职工 ,中、小学生哮喘患病率的RR分别为 1 88、2 79、5 19和 3 0 5 ,5 0 %可信区间均表明 ,其哮喘RR有统计学意义。结论 北京地区哮喘患病率与职业环境有关 。

Objective To investigate the correlation of asthma incidence with environmental pollution Methods We performed stratified cluster disproportional random sampling survey in the occupational populations from10 professional systems by using an uniform protocol, questionnaire and procedure in this multicenter study Original data were processed and statistically analyzed with SPSS 8 0 for windows Prevalence rates were compared by χ2 test Results A total of 50 558 people supposed to cover more than 200 000 staff and workers were sampled Six hundred and thirty asthmatics were identified and the overall prevalence rate in Beijing area was 1 25% The incidence of asthma in occupational populations from urban commercial and trade circles, common chemical plants, and a certain petrochemical works was 0 51%, 106% and 2 81% respectively The morbidity of asthma in the latter two populations was significantly higher than that in peasants (0 43%) in the remote outskirts of Beijing city ( P <0 01) The relative risk ( RR ) of asthma incidence in occupational populations from the commercial and trade circles, common chemical plants, the petrochemical works and the students in elementary and middle schools was 1 88, 2 79, 5 19 and 3 05 respectively as compared to peasants, the differences being statistically significant Conclusion The results suggest that the difference in asthma incidence in occupational populations may be attributable to environmental pollution