基于事故再现的骑车人与行人各部位损伤的对比研究

A Comparative Study on the Injuries in Different Parts of Rider and Pedestrian Based on Accident Reconstruction

选取与汽车碰撞事故发生后人体与发动机罩接触并被抛出的57例电动自行车事故和64例行人事故,用PC-Crash进行再现,读取人体头部、胸部、大腿和小腿4个部位的损伤数据。利用现有模型对所得数据进行验证后,通过处理和对比的结果表明,同等条件下,骑车人头部损伤风险低于行人,当车速低于47km/h时,骑车人胸部的损伤风险高于行人,而当车速高于47km/h时,骑车人胸部损伤风险低于行人。在大多数速度工况下,骑车人下肢损伤风险均高于行人;损伤来源方面,骑车人和行人头部损伤大体上均来源于车辆撞击,骑车人胸部损伤的来源没有明显的倾向性,而行人胸部损伤在车速低于42km/h时主要来源于地面撞击,车速高于42km/h时主要来源于车辆撞击。骑车人下肢和行人大腿的损伤来源于车辆撞击,而行人小腿损伤来源则随车速高低而异。

57 electric bicycle-vehicle accidents and 64 pedestrian-vehicle accidents with human body being hit by bonnet and thrown out are selected,which are then reconstructed with PC-Crash,and injury data of human head,torso,thigh and lower leg are obtained.The results of processing and comparison on the injury data verified by existing models show that under the same condition,the head injury risk of rider is lower than that of pedestrian,the torso injury risk of rider is higher than that of pedestrian when vehicle speed is lower than 47km/h,and is lower than that of pedestrian when vehicle speed is higher than 47km/h,and the leg injury risk of rider is higher than that of pedestrian in most speed conditions.As for injury sources by and large,the head injuries of both rider and pedestrian are mainly caused by impact on vehicle,the source of rider torso injury has no obvious tendency and the pedestrian torso injury is mainly caused by impact on ground when vehicle speed is lower than 42km/h and is mainly caused by impact on vehicle when vehicle speed is higher than 42km/h,the injuries of rider legs and pedestrian thigh are mainly caused by impact on vehicle,while the injury source of pedestrian lower leg depends on vehicle speeds.