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早产儿支气管肺发育不良研究进展 被引量:5

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摘要 支气管肺发育不良(bronchopulmonary dysplasia,BPD)由Northway等[1]于1967年报道,主要发生于早产儿,尤其是极低出生体重儿。在胎龄<32周早产儿中,BPD发生率为12%~32%[2],而超低出生体重儿(出生体重<1000 g)与极早早产儿(胎龄<28周)BPD发生率高达50%[3]。随着早产儿存活率的逐步提高,BPD发生率大幅上升,严重影响患儿预后及生存质量,且缺乏特效的治疗手段。本文就早产儿BPD的研究进展进行综述。1 BPD定义及预后BPD属于慢性肺部疾病,常发生于出生后持续吸氧时间超过28 d的早产儿。有学者将BPD患儿定义为出生后28 d或胎龄<36周仍需氧疗的早产儿[4]。近年出现一种更为常见的BPD类型(“新型”BPD),其临床特点如下:①出生体重<1000 g、胎龄<26周的极不成熟早产儿;②出生时无肺部疾病或仅有轻度肺部疾病,不需吸氧或仅吸低浓度氧,在住院期间逐渐出现氧依赖;③吸氧时间超过矫正胎龄36周。学术界对上述定义迄今尚未达成统一观点,但较明确的病理、生理学变化是早产儿肺结构发育不成熟,易受出生前后各种不利因素影响而受损,进而使肺部不正常发育,触发非成熟性慢性肺部病变,导致BPD的发生[5]。
作者 付晶 刘芳
出处 《临床误诊误治》 2018年第3期107-111,共5页 Clinical Misdiagnosis & Mistherapy
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