以氨燃料为介质的全生命周期储能效率估算

Life-cycle energy efficiency estimation of large-scale ammonia fuel energy storage system

本文讨论了氨作为燃料使用会具备与传统化石燃料显著不同的环境效益,并进一步探讨了氨作为储能介质的特点,包括储能密度和规模大、受地理条件约束小、便于运输存储等。本文还针对目前的合成氨路线从理论分析和工业实际两个方面对合成效率进行了估算和评价。针对目前国内核能、风能、太阳能等清洁能源电力的低谷或弃电问题,建议采用以制氨的方式存储或外运,以便于在电力不足时将其用于发电。建议并评估了几条基于制氨并发电的路线,并基于现有氨燃料的发电效率计算了各路线在全生命周期内的总储能效率(25%~40%)和以电换电的效率[2.5~4.0(度/10度)]。

In this paper,ammonia fuel as energy storage medium is introduced with its advantages of no pollution,high volumetric energy density and convenient transportation and storage in contrast with typical fossil fuels at first.And ammonia fuel energy storage system shows great advantages in large scale and less restriction of geographical conditions when compared with many other traditional energy storage methods.Besides,the energy consumption as well as the energy efficiency of several ammonia synthesis systems is calculated theoretically and industrially.The biggest problem associated with the cyclic and intermittent energy productions like nuclear energy,wind power,solar power and other renewable energy,is the surplus electricity utilization.Finally,this study proposes a new solution,where there are no carbon emissions upstream or downstream,that ammonia fuel could be compounded using valley power or abandoned electricity and then generating electricity when the supply of electricity is insufficient.It’s demonstrated that the life-cycle energy storage efficiency of ammonia fuel system related aforementioned synthesis process is 25%～40%and the conversion rate of electric power is 2.5～4.0 kW·h/10 kW·h.