区域生态系统服务价值评估方法比较与案例分析

Assessment methods of regional ecosystem service value and a case study of Dongjiang River basin

探索区域生态系统服务价值是协调区域经济发展、促进生态建设的重要路径。目前对区域生态系统服务价值评估研究还没有形成统一的价值核算方法,评估结果也存在较大差异。对生态系统服务价值评估方法进行系统整理,对替代市场技术、模拟市场技术以及当量因子法等目前较为常用的评估方法进行了总结。同时,从评估对象、评估范围和评估过程的角度对3类技术方法的优点与缺点进行对比分析,得出当量因子法在评估区域生态系统服务价值上具有方法简单、评估全面,且能充分考虑评估区域生态系统特点和地区特性的优势。将该法应用于东江流域生态系统服务价值评估,结果表明:东江流域生态系统服务总价值为1 976.63亿元;其中,森林、水域、湿地、农田、草地、未利用地、建设用地的生态服务价值分别为1 536.74亿、156.42亿、145.81亿、75.74亿、42.41亿、22.89万和0元。

To explore the value of regional ecosystem services is an important way to coordinate regional economic development and ecological construction.However,there is no accredited regional ecosystem service value assessment system,and there exist large differences in evaluation results.The common assessment methods of ecosystem services valuation systematically,such as alternative market technology,simulated market technology and equivalent factor method were summarized.Then their advantages and disadvantages were compared from three aspects of evaluation object,scope and process.It is concluded that the equivalent factor method is better suited for assessment of regional ecosystem service value because of its simplicity,comprehensiveness and taking full account of the regional and ecosystem characteristics.Finally,the method was applied to evaluate the ecosystem services value of the Dongjiang River basin.The results show that the total value of the ecosystem services in the Dongjiang River basin is 197.663 billion yuan.Among them,the ecosystem service value of forest,water,wetlands,farmland,grassland,unused land and construction land was 153.674 billion yuan,15.642 billion yuan,14.581 billion yuan,7.574 billion yuan,4.241 billion yuan,228.9 thousand yuan and 0 yuan,respectively.