蒸汽爆破发酵棉秆饲喂绵羊效果分析

Analysis on feeding effects of steam explosion and fermentation cotton stalk in sheep

为了研究蒸汽爆破与微生物发酵联合处理的棉秆对育肥期绵羊生产性能及血液生化指标的影响。试验选取健康的5月龄的巴音布鲁克公羊30只,依据体质量进行单因素完全随机试验设计,分为蒸汽爆破发酵棉秆组、棉秆组和玉米青贮组,每组10只。试验期40 d。试验结果表明:干物质采食量在各组间差异极显著(P<0.01)。蒸汽爆破发酵棉秆组的日增质量比棉秆组高49.21%(P<0.05);玉米青贮组的日增质量比棉秆组高44.45%,具有显著趋势(0.05<P<0.1);料肉比棉秆组>蒸汽爆破发酵棉秆组>玉米青贮组。玉米青贮组的血液球蛋白质量浓度比蒸汽爆破棉秆组和棉秆组低17.02%和20.01%,差异显著(P<0.05)。玉米青贮组的血液总蛋白质量浓度比棉秆组低11.90%(P<0.01),比蒸汽爆破发酵棉秆组低7.86%(P<0.05)。白蛋白与球蛋白的比值蒸汽爆破发酵棉秆组比玉米青贮组低18.68%(P<0.05)。棉秆组的谷丙转氨酶比玉米青贮组和蒸汽爆破发酵棉秆组高69.80%和77.67%,差异极显著(P<0.01)。玉米青贮组的血液胆固醇摩尔浓度比棉秆组低36.13%(P<0.05)。低密度脂蛋白摩尔浓度玉米青贮组比棉秆组低50.00%(P<0.05)。试验结果说明:棉秆经蒸汽爆破发酵后,其饲喂品质高于棉秆而低于玉米青贮,对育肥羊的安全性要优于粉碎棉秆,能减轻对绵羊机体的伤害;育肥羊的增重效果高于棉秆而接近玉米青贮,料肉比高于玉米青贮而低于棉秆。在棉花种植区,利用蒸汽爆破和微生物发酵技术联合处理棉花秸秆,可能有助于棉花秸秆的饲料化利用。

In order to investigate the responses of fattening sheep in production performance and blood biochemical parameters to the treatments of steam explosion and fermentation cotton stalk,cotton stalk and corn silage,the whole plant of cotton stalk harvested by self-propelled straw harvester were chopped by grinder,rapid decompression under the 2.5 MPa,220℃for 2~3 min,then the cooled product was anaerobically fermented for 45 days by adding inoculants.Thirty healthy sheep with 5-month-old were averagely placed into steam explosion and fermentation cotton stalk,cotton stalk and corn silage group according to their body weight.These sheep were fed with different diets according to their nutrients requirements which were added same dry matter proportion of steam explosion and fermentation cotton stalk or cotton stalk or corn silage to the same basal diet during 40-day experimental period.Daily gain,dry matter intake and blood biochemical parameters were analyzed using the GLM model.The results showed that the dry matter intake was significantly different among groups(P<0.01).The daily gain in steam explosion and fermentation cotton stalk group was 49.21%higher than that in cotton stalk group(P<0.05),the daily gain in corn silage group was 44.45%higher than that in cotton stalk group(P=0.06),The ratio of feed-meat was highest in cotton stalk group and lowest in corn silage group.The blood globulin content in corn silage group were 17.02%and 20.01%lower than steam explosion and fermentation cotton stalk group and cotton stalk group,respectively,both showing significant differences(P<0.05).The blood total protein content in corn silage group was 11.90%lower than cotton stalk group(P<0.01),and was 7.86%lower than steam explosion and fermentation cotton stalk group(P<0.05).The ratio of albumin to globulin in steam explosion and fermentation cotton stalk group was 18.68%lower than corn silage group(P<0.05).The glutamic pyruvic transaminase in cotton stalk group was 69.80%and 77.67%higher than corn silage group and steam explosion and fermentation cotton stalk group,the difference were extremely significant(P<0.01).The Blood cholesterol content in corn silage group was 36.13%lower than cotton stalk group(P<0.05).Low density lipoprotein content in corn silage group was 50%lower than cotton stalk group(P<0.05).The results suggested that the feeding quality of steam explosion and fermentation cotton stalk is higher than cotton stalk but lower than corn silage.The steam explosion and fermentation cotton stalk could reduce the damage to animal gut and obtain a daily gain close to corn silage,but its feed efficiency is higher than corn silage and lower than cotton stalk.The steam explosion and microbial fermentation technology cooperative processing could be help to pre-treat cotton straw as roughage for fattening sheep in the cotton growing area.