天山假狼毒生物学特性观察

Observation on Biological Characteristics of Stelleropsis tianschanica

在2012—2017年通过普查和定点观察,调查天山假狼毒在新疆伊犁地区昭苏县和特克斯县的发生分布情况,并进行生物学特性观察。结果表明,天山假狼毒在我国新疆伊犁地区昭苏县和特克斯县均有分布。天山假狼毒以根繁殖,根木质,黄褐色或淡褐色;茎直立,自基部发出,不分枝,草质或近基部稍木质;叶互生,椭圆形,全缘;花盘环状,花柱丝状;坚果绿色,包藏于宿存的花萼筒基部,椭圆形。成熟的果实失水之后脱落,椭圆形,褐色或浅褐色。天山假狼毒在4月上旬出苗;4月上旬至5月初为苗期;4月下旬至5月底为现蕾期,4月下旬为现蕾初期,5月中下旬为现蕾盛花期;5月中旬至7月上旬为花期,5月中旬为初花期,6月上中旬为盛花期;7月下旬至8月上旬天山假狼毒逐渐开始衰老;9月上旬叶片开始变黄、干枯、脱落。

The occurrence,distribution and biological characteristics of Stelleropsis tianschanica were investigated in Zhaosu and Tekes counties,Yili district,during 2012 to 2017 through census and fixed-point observations.S.tianschanica was found in both Zhaosu and Tekes counties.S.tianschanica vegetatively reproduced by roots that are woody,yellowish brown or light brown.Its stem was erect,grown from base,unbranched,and herbaceous or slightly woody near the base.Its leaves are alternate,elliptic.Flower disc was annular and had filamentous stigma.Its nut fruit was green,wrapped in the base of calyx tube,ellipsoidal.Ripe fruit was oval,brown or light brown and fell off when dry.The main growth stages:seedling emergence,seedling,bud(early bud and flower bud),flowering(early flowering and blossom)stages occurred in early April,early April-early May,late April to the end of May(late April and mid-late of May),and mid May to early July(mid May and early-mid June),respectively.A plant gradually began to decline from late July to early August;its leaves began to yellow,dry and shed in early September.