高校蒙古族大学生汉字书写偏误分析

Analysis of Mongolian College Student's Errors on Chinese Character Writing

蒙汉双语教育发展迅速,很多蒙古族同胞逐渐成为蒙汉双语人。蒙古族大学生在学习使用作为第二语言的汉语时,经常感到汉字难写。从一次在校蒙古族大学生的考试中出现的汉字书写偏误情况来看,偏误类型主要有音同形异字替代、音同形近字替代、音异形近字替代、音近形近字替代、音近形异字替代、其他生造字六种情况。出现上述偏误的主要原因是不明字理、不明词义、母语干扰等。解决问题可以从加强汉字构形理论的学习、了解汉字所承载的文化信息、掌握汉字标准音和规范字形,消除母语干扰等几方面进行。

With the rapid development of bilingual education,a lot of Mongolian compatriots are becoming Mongolian-Chinese bilinguals.When learning Chinese as a second language,Mongolian college students often find it difficult to write Chinese characters correctly.There are mainly six types of Chinese character writing errors as misuse of Chinese characters with the same sound and different forms,same sound and similar form,different sounds and similar form,similar sound and similar form,similar sound and different forms and the creation of wrong words according to an examination for college students.The primary reasons for the errors are lack of knowledge of principle,lexical meaning and mother tongue interference,etc.The solving methods are to strengthen the study of principle,understand the cultural information,master standard Chinese characters and pronunciation and eliminate the interference of mother tongue.