以出土文献重论“苛政”之“苛”

The Explanation of Ke(苛) Based on the Unearthed Literature

许慎《说文》释"苛"为"小艸也"。东汉高诱释"苛,烦也",为后代训诂学者沿用。本文通过战国竹简材料证明"苛政"之"苛"本字为"■",本义为虫螫之疾的痒症,引申义为暴政,反映了战国时期人们对于疾病和暴政的认识,而"苛政"具体是指过多使用刑罚。而《礼记·檀弓》"苛政猛于虎"的"苛政"也并非王引之所说的"苛征","政"无需破读,"苛政"就是指暴政。

Xu Shen explained the word ke(苛)as tiny grass.The word kezheng(苛政)is often seen in the documentary sources.And Gao You,in the later Han dynasty,explained it as excessive,which was used by successors.This paper provides evidence of that ke()is the orthograph of ke(苛)in kezheng(苛政)by newly published bamboo slips of Warring States.The original meaning of ke()is prurigo caused by insects’biting and stinging,which can be extended to the meaning of tyranny.This reflects the people’s understanding of disease and tyranny during the period of Warring States.Further evidence is provided in this paper to identify that kezheng(苛政)is abusive penal system by numerous unearthed texts.Besides,kezheng(苛政)of kezheng(苛政)is more stronger than tigers in The Book of Rites(《礼记》)doesn’t mean excessive tax revenue which was proved by Wang Yinzhi,and kezheng(苛政)means tyranny.