道德风俗的嬗变与渤海民族的消亡——以渤海婚姻家庭习俗为例

The Evolution of Moral Custom and the Disappearance of Bohai Nationality——A Case Study of Marriage and Family Customs in Bohai

作为一个民族,渤海族在中国唐代时期大祚荣建立渤海国时就开始显现出其民族特性。随着渤海国步入稳定和发展期,渤海族成为有别于其他民族的新民族。即便在渤海国被契丹人所灭之后,渤海遗民仍然保持了其民族特性。辽金时期,契丹人和女真人或武力镇压,或拉拢羁縻,想尽办法对渤海族进行同化。随着渤海人、契丹人、女真人等东北少数民族汉化进程的不断加快,以及各民族间融合的不断加深,渤海族的民族特性也逐渐被消磨。尤其需要指出的是,决定民族性中的诸要素逐渐淡化,特别是渤海民族独特的道德风俗逐渐湮灭。以婚姻家庭习俗为例,渤海族的婚姻家庭观念逐渐混同于汉人的儒家伦理观念。由此,构成渤海族独立存在要素的消失,决定了其在元代被作为"汉人八种"之一而失去了独立的民族性。

As a nation established by the kingdom of Dazuorong in the Tang Dynasty,Bohai began to show its national characteristics.With the stability and development of Bohai,the Bohai had become completely a nationality different from other ethnic groups.Even after of the perdition,the descendants of Bohai still maintains its national characteristics.In the Liao and Jin Dynasties,Khitans and Jurchens try to assimilate the Bohai nationality.Along with the integration deepened,ethnic characteristics of Bohai nationality have gradually been killed.It is essential for the disappearance of Bohai nationality that the people of Bohai unique moral customs especially the concept of marriage and family gradually fade.