我国民办高等教育发展中的非正式制度约束

The Constraints of Informal Institution in the Development of Private Higher Education in China

我国民办高等教育的发展不仅受到正式制度的约束,同时还受到非正式制度的规约。传统家族文化、"官本位"观念以及计划体制的惯性思维等非正式制度,极大地制约着民办高等教育持续健康发展。而且,这些非正式制度具有较强的历史延续性和持久的生命力,其影响相比正式制度更为牢固,更加难以改变。因此,要促进民办高等教育持续健康发展,在健全民办教育相关法规政策等正式制度的同时,还要加强非正式制度的型构,注重"软约束"的内在作用。这一过程中,政府的主导作用至关重要。政府要逐步消除与市场经济制度相悖的非正式制度所赖以生存的土壤,构建和强化学习机制来促进非正式制度的变迁。

In China,the development of private higher education is regulated by both formal and informal institution.The informal institutions,such as traditional family culture,the concept of uofficial standard^,and the inertial thinking inherited from the system of planning,restrict to a great extent the continual and healthy development of private higher education.Further more,these informal institutions have a long history and also lasting vitality,and may influence private higher education more firmly than formal institutions,and it is harder to be changed.Therefore,in order to promote the continual and healthy development of private higher education,it is necessary to strengthen the construction of informal institutions and emphasize the internal function of“soft constraint”while at the same time complete the formal institutions such as the relevant regulations and policies for private education.In this process the guiding role of the government is of vital importance.The government should gradually eliminate the soil where those informal institutions,which violate the market economy system,depend on to exist,and construct and strengthen the learning mechanism to promote the transition of informal institutions.