我国高等教育投入产出效率及影响因素实证分析

A Practical Analysis of Input-output Efficiency and Influencing Factors in Higher Education in China

近年来,政府不断加大教育资源的投入,扩大招生规模,促使我国高等教育得到快速的发展,由此众多学者提高了对教育资源效率问题的关注度并对其进行深入研究,文章借助创设高等教育投入与产出指标体系的方法,选取我国2015-2017年数据,运用数据包络分析法(DEA)对我国31个省市自治区高等教育的投入产出效率进行测算和分析,并通过托宾模型(Tobit)分析高等教育投入产出效率的影响因素。结果显示:我国高等教育投入产出的综合效率、技术效率和规模效率均处于较高的水平,但是在综合效率方面存在着明显的地区差异,少数地区高等教育投入产出与教育规模不相匹配。建议:通过优化高校师资队伍的结构,提高高校教育的层次水平,同时确保教育经费投入的多元发展,以实现教育效率均衡有效。

In recent years,the government has continuously increased investment in educational resources,expand the scale of enrollment,and promote the rapid development of higher education in China,which has aroused many scholars'research on the effi ciency of educational resources.For this reason,through the establishment of higher education input and output index system,this pa per selects China's 2015-2017 data,uses the data envelopment analysis(DEA)to measure and analyze China's higher education in put and output efficiency in 31 provinces and autonomous regions,and analyzes the factors influencing the efficiency of input and output of higher education through Tobin model.The results show that the comprehensive efficiency,technical efficiency and scale ef ficiency of China's higher education input and output are at a high level,but there are obvious regional differences in the compre hensive efficiency.The input and output of higher education in a few areas do not match the scale of education.It is suggested that by optimizing the structure of teachers in colleges and universities,the level of education in colleges and universities should be im proved,and the diversified development of education funds should be ensured to achieve effective and effective education efficiency.