防止贫富分化：孙中山民生主义思想的终极目标

Preventing the Differentiation between the Rich and the Poor:The Ultimate Goal of Sun Yat-sen's People's Livelihood Thought

对欧美社会非常熟悉的孙中山认为,贫富分化是造成社会冲突的根源,中国应防患于未然。在阐述民生主义思想时,他设计了平均地权和节制资本两种办法。在他看来,平均地权可以防止土地收益被少数人独占,节制资本可以防止少数人垄断富源,将这两个办法切实施行,就可以防止贫富分化,实现共同富裕。孙中山的民生主义理想虽然未能付诸实施,但他倡导在经济建设的同时注意防止贫富分化的理念,不仅具有重要理论意义,而且具有稳妥实践意义。

Sun Yat-sen,who was very familiar with European and American societies,believed that the polarization between the rich and the poor was the root source of social conflicts,China should take preventive measures.In elaborating the people's livelihood thought,he designed two methods,that is,average land ownership and capital control.For him,the former can prevent the minority from being monopolizing land revenue;the latter can prevent minority from monopolizing the sources of wealth.Then,the polarization between the rich and the poor can be prevented,common prosperity can be achieved.Though Sun Yat-sen's people's livelihood thought failed to put into practice,it has not only theoretical significance,but also has a safe and practical significance,when he advocated pay attention to preventing polarization between the rich and the poor while developing economy.