演化的风景:自下而上创造呼伦贝尔弹性游牧景观

Landscape in Evolution:Creating a Resilient Nomadic Landscape from bottom up in Hulubuir

当代科学揭示了复杂事物的形成和运作遵循自下而上的演化机制。20世纪以来,很多不同领域的学者将这一原理运用于城市和景观规划的研究,但相关理论在实践中仍较少有运用。介绍了一个位于呼伦贝尔的概念性规划竞赛方案,试图在现有理论的基础上探索自下而上方法在景观规划中的运用。规划首先对区域最底层的土地利用方式进行调查,充分了解当地自然环境与人类活动之间的广泛联系和冲突;在场地分析中采用了一种包容影响因素多样性和动态性的方式,兼顾客观性与启发性,从而提出合乎实际规划目标;最后,规划从微观尺度开始改善不同土地利用之间的流动与连接,自下而上地逐步形成具有适应性、复杂性和可持续性的区域景观。

It has been revealed that the formation and operation of complex objects complies with a bottom-up evolutionary mechanism by contemporary science.Since the 20th century,scholars from different fields have applied the principle to the research of urban and landscape planning,but seldom to practice.Through a conceptual competition plan located in Hulunbuir,this paper tries to explore the application of bottom-up approaches in landscape planning based on current theoretical researches.In the planning process,the authors conducted a thorough survey on the land uses at the bottom in the region,learning the local natural environment and human activities as well as their connections and contradictions;in the site analysis,the authors adapted an analytical model which embraces diversity and dynamics of the factors,balancing objectivity and heuristics,so that a more realistic objective could be conceived;and finally,the planning started with improving the flows and connections between different land uses from the micro scale,structuring an adaptive,complex and sustainable regional landscape from bottom up.