自然的赋值--先秦至西汉宗教名山序列的人文空间构想与实践

Valuing Nature:Humanistic Blueprint and Practice of the Sequence of Sacred Mountains from PreQin to Western Han

宗教山岳作为中国风景的杰出代表类型之一,在世界遗产文化景观中占有举足轻重的地位。先秦至西汉年间的宗教名山发展对于后期山水胜景的进一步开发和利用具有定向意义。在这一历史阶段,不同文化族群以祭祀为主要利用方式,向自然山岳注输不同的主观意念,规划了大尺度的宗教名山序列,实现了其文化性的转变。梳理了与山岳自然性相关的"山""名山""镇"等概念;总结了先秦至西汉年间五岳体系、昆仑蓬莱体系、秦十二山体系和汉八山体系宗教名山四大序列的整体发展。分析了先秦至西汉年间作为历史记录的宗教名山,它们是中国早期宗教思想、礼制、数思维、地缘政治等社会文化过程的生动体现。旨在发掘中国宗教名山蕴藏的传统知识体系和价值观,为当下宗教名山空间体系的整体保护提供历史理论依据。

The sacred mount during pre-Qin to Western Han dynasties is significant for the later development of China's scenic and historic interest areas.The mounts as the place of sacrifice,different cultural group inputted their values to the natural mounts,designed the large scale cultural landscapes,and changed them into the religious ones.The paper cards the ancient concepts of"Shan","Ming Shan"and"Zhen",which all refer to natural geography meanings;concludes the four sequence of religious mounts,such as Penglai and Kunlun Mounts,Five Mounts,Twelve Mounts in Qin and Eight Mounts in Han.It analyzes these mounts as the cultural landscapes are historic records and expression of Chinese religious thoughts,rules of etiquette,mathematical mind,and geopolitics.It aims to rediscover the traditional knowledge and values underlying these mounts,and provides the theoretical reference for the conservation of the whole Chinese religious mounts.