丧歌传播中的蚕变现象及其因缘

Three Varieties of Funeral Songs and Their Relations

针对研究者把挽歌与孝歌作为不同歌类分述的问题,本文用历史发展的方法,厘清了挽歌与孝歌是丧歌传播中的两个变种,指出在挽歌之前还有一种"虞歌"存在,他们三者的接续构成了丧歌的蚕变现象.丧歌蚕变具体表现在功能、时间、内容、形制、作者等五个方面的不同特点,同时又保持了有丧而歌的共同特征.丧歌的蚕变是与世迁移的结果,也与各个时代的政策、社会心理、审美趣味和宗族迁徙密切相关.

Most of researchers put dirges and filial songs into different categories.But the paper clarifies by historical method that dirges and filial songs are two varieties in the spread of funeral songs,and that there was another variety“Yu songs”which existed before dirges.The evolution of the three varieties of funeral songs is compared to the growth cycle of a silkworm in this paper.The three varieties are different in function,time,content,form and author,but they share one common feature that people sing them to express mourning or grief.The evolution of the three varieties,as the result of human development and social transformation,is closely related to policies,social psychology,aesthetic appreciation and clan migration of all times.