美国电力市场监管制度演进研究

Research on the Evolution of US Electricity Market Regulation

美国百年来的电力市场监管制度演进里程表明,监管制度和电力市场是在发展中不断互动的。美国的电力市场监管制度就是一场自由和监管的"拉锯战",也是监管制度随着电力市场发展持续调整适应的过程。外部环境的发展,电力行业的发展,给电力市场监管提出新的问题,当新问题和旧制度之间矛盾不断激化时,政府通过监管政策来适应市场;反过来,新的监管制度同样能够引导市场的发展方向。梳理了美国电力市场监管制度自上世纪二十年代至今的演进过程,追溯监管制度变动的关键性事件,政府对于监管制度的设计和调整,分析其对电力市场发展的影响,为中国本轮电力改革提供参考。

The evolution process of electricity market regulation in USA lasts for more than a century,which indicates that the regulatory system and the electricity market are mutually interacting with each other.Regulation and deregulation exist at the same time,and the regulatory rules keep making adjustments to the development of electricity market.On one hand,changes and developments of power industries bring challenges to the supervision,and then rules will be adjusted to the changes;on the other hand,new rules can guide the development of electricity market.This paper analyzed the evolution of American regulatory mechanisms of electricity market,which started in the 1920s and works till now.It also traced key events which brought about changes in the regulatory rules,discussed how the government designed the new rules,and showed what adjustments they made and their influences on the development of American electricity market.