中国气候变化南南合作对《巴黎协定》后适应谈判的影响

Impact of South-South Cooperation of climate change in China on adaptation negotiations in the post Paris Agreement

适应气候变化是发展中国家的重要谈判议题。《联合国气候变化框架公约》2015年达成《巴黎协定》后如何落实适应议题实施细则成为关注焦点。发达国家以温室气体排放总量大为理由,施压中国等发展中大国出资全球适应气候变化行动;发展中国家内部对适应气候变化受害方和出资方的划分存在较大分歧,造成适应议题下发展中国家集团难以形成合力,《巴黎协定》实施细则谈判进展缓慢。中国气候变化南南合作作为中国与其他发展中国家之间重要的气候变化领域合作形式,能否通过寻找发展中国家契合点,依据合理机制,对适应谈判发挥一定作用,须及早进行利弊分析及顶层设计。文章通过分析美欧日对外援助的机制、梳理非洲小岛国等主要发展中国家集团在应对气候变化不利影响方面的需求、总结以往中国适应项目对外援助情况的基础上,提出了今后中国气候变化南南合作与适应谈判中需要注意的问题,包括区分适应援助和减缓援助、避免中国气候变化南南合作的属性被误读等问题,为争取广阔外交利益、合理构建南南合作机制提供政策建议。

Adaptation to climate change is an important negotiating topic for developing countries.After the Paris Agreement decided in 2015,under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change,it has become a focus that how to implement the implementation rules of adaptation issues.Developed countries are trying to put pressure on China and other big developing countries to engage in the investment in global adaptation activities.However,within developing countries,there are also differences on views of adaptation issues,which causes the difficult for developing countries to form a cohesive force.China South-South Cooperation(CSSC)in climate change,is an important form of cooperation between China and other developing countries in the field of climate change.Whether China can find a suitable point and play a certain role in adapting to negotiation or not,the advantages and disadvantages analysis and the top-level design about CSSC should be carried out as soon as possible.Through the analysis of the United States,Europe and Japan on foreign aid mechanism,the assistance requirements from major small group of developing countries,and the summary of the situation on the past China’s foreign aid project on adaptation,this paper puts forward the problems and suggestions in the future relationship between CSSC and adaptation negotiation,such as to distinguish between adaptation and mitigation assistance,to avoid fund misunderstanding issues.For broad diplomatic interests,the paper tries to provide reasonable policy suggestions on the construction of the South-South Cooperation Fund mechanism.