外力影响与水军建设:明代海防的一个侧面观察

External Impact and Navy Construction:A Research on Coastal Defense in Ming Dynasty

有明一代的海防建设在我国海防建设史上具有里程碑式的意义,开启了我国大规模、系统性海防建设的序幕,取得了瞩目的成就,但同样也存在诸多不足。终明之世,沿海危机不断,倭患不绝,晚明时期又面临着来自西方东渐势力的侵扰。作为海防重要组成部分的明水军在应对日益增加的外部威胁中,能够主动学习外来先进技术,不断提升自身御敌能力。然而,出于整体国防战略的先后考虑,海患虽重,海防及水军建设仍然没有得到应有的重视。明代水军与海防建设,以及背后隐含着的海权与陆权、国防战略等问题,给我们留下了许多值得反思的空间。

The coastal defense construction in the Ming Dynasty had a momentous importance in the history of coastal defensive construction in China.It opened the prelude of large-scale and systematic coastal defense construction in China and achieved re.markable achievements.Nevertheless,it had some shortcoming.Throughout the Ming Dynasty,coastal crises continued to plague the people-Japanese pirates’harassments along the coast.The late Ming Dynasty faced invading forces from the Western colo.nists.As an indispensable part of the coastal defense,the navy forces in Ming Dynasty took the initiative to learn advanced technol.ogy from other countries when faced with severe external pressure,and gradually improved the strength of coastal defense.Howev.er,as a result of the consideration of overall national defense,coastal defense and navy construction failed to get enough attention from the imperial government.The construction of the navy and coastal defense in the Ming Dynasty,as well as the hidden sea rights and land rights and national defense strategies behind them,have left us with plenty of room for reflection.