肠道微生物对家禽肠道免疫功能的调节作用及其机制

Immunity System Regulated by Gut Microbiota of Poultry and Its Mechanisms

家禽肠道中定植了大量微生物,这些微生物及其代谢产物积极参与家禽的消化与免疫应答过程,对家禽健康发挥重要的调控作用。随着抗生素在全球范围内的限制或禁用,家禽肠道问题日益突出,给养殖者带来巨大经济损失。然而,对家禽肠道微生物菌群的研究还停留在相对初级的阶段。本文首先综述了家禽肠道微生物的组成以及家禽肠道健康营养调控措施的研究现状,并进一步深入探讨了肠道微生物基因组及其代谢产物对动物肠道免疫功能的调节作用,以及肠黏膜免疫系统对肠道微生物调控的潜在机制,旨在为进一步研究改善家禽肠道健康的营养措施提供参考。

A vast diversity of microbes colonizes in the poultry gastrointestinal tract,referred to intestinal microbiota.Microbiota and products thereof are indispensable for shaping the functions of poultry digestive and immune system,thereby exerting multifaceted impacts in gut health.As antibiotics are restricted or disabled worldwide,the issue of the intestinal problems of poultry is becoming more and more serious,causing huge economic losses for the farmers.However,the researches on the intestinal microbial flora of poultry are still at a relatively early stage.This paper reviewed the composition of poultry gut microbiota and current nutrition studies on poultry gut health control.Then,we discussed the effects on immunity of gut microbe-derived nucleic acids and gut microbial metabolites,as well as the involvement of commensals in the gut homeostasis.In addition,we further focused on the recent findings with an intention to illuminate the mechanisms about how the gastrointestinal mucosa immunity system regulating gut microbiota,hoping to provide some evidences for further poultry gut health protection.