草种组合套种对山地茶园土壤性状及茶叶品质的影响

Physiochemical Properties of Soil and Quality of Tea Affected by Combination Inter-cropping in Hilly Tea Plantation

通过田间试验,以不套种处理作为对照,研究组合套种平托花生与百喜草,单独套种平托花生对山地茶园土壤性状和茶叶品质的影响。结果表明:山地茶园组合套种平托花生与百喜草有效降低土壤温度、保持旱季土壤容重和自然含水量、提高土壤综合肥力、增加土壤微生物群落数量、改善鲜叶品质和提高毛茶感官审评,品质。组合套种较对照明显降低0~20 cm土层温度达20%以上;显著(p<0.05)提高0~20 cm土层中PH、有机质、全氮、碱解氮、速效钾;显著提高20~40 cm土层的有机质、全氮;有效增加土壤细菌159.64倍、真菌5.63倍、放线菌1.76倍、固氮菌37.10倍;新稍长度和百芽重极显著(p<0.01)提高。鲜叶品质和绿茶毛茶感官审评得分得到提升。因此,山地茶园组合套种平托花生和百喜草对改善茶园土壤性状和茶叶品质效果相对更佳,值得在生产上推广。

A field experiment though 3 years was conducted in a hilly tea plantation to study the effects of combination inter-cropping the tea bushes with Paspalum natatum and Arachis pintoi on the physiochemical properties and fertility of the soil as well as the quality of the tea harvested.The treatments included non-intercropping(CK),combination inter-cropping with both P.natatum and A.pintoi(PA),and inter-cropping with A.pintoi alone(TA).The results showed that PA effectively reduced the soil temperature in the summer;maintained a constant soil bulk density and water content during the dry season;increased the soil fertility and microbial population;and,improved the quality of fresh leaves and brewed tea.On the soil in the field with the treatment,the temperature in top 20 cm layer was reduced by more than 20%;the pH,the the contents of organic matters,total phosphorus,available phosphorus,available potassium in 0-20 cm layer were significant increased(p〈0.05);the contents of organic matters,total phosphorus and in 20-40 cm layer significant increased(p〈0.05);and,the bacteria,fungi,actinomycetes and azotobacter counts became 159.64,5.63,1.76 and 37.10 times,respectively,of those of CK.The length of new bud and bud weight were significantly improved.It appeared that by inter-cropping both P.natatum and A.pintoi with the tea bushes in a hilly tea plantation could significantly benefit the qualities of the soil and the tea grown on the land.