《哥萨克》:自然与文明的对立

Cossack:the Opposition between Nature and Civilization

《哥萨克》是列夫·托尔斯泰在自身经历基础上完成的一部中篇小说。在这部小说中,托尔斯泰塑造了玛利亚娜和奥列宁两个主要人物。两个人生活在不同的文化氛围中,玛利亚娜是大自然的女儿,奥列宁则是文明的来客。通过两个人的情感变化,托尔斯泰向读者描绘了文明与自然的接触。奥列宁起初想以文明改造自然的玛利亚娜,最终却发现自然无法改造;他又试图把文明降低到自然的层面,融入哥萨克的生活,最终却又只能失败。通过这个曲折的过程,托尔斯泰向我们展现了他对于自然与文明之间关系的思考。自然与文明始终处在一种对立的状态,而这种状态又是难以调和的。

Cossack is Leo Tolstoy*s novelette based of his experience.In this novelette,he invented two mean features,Maliana and Olenin.These two persons live in different cultural atmosphere and Maliana is the daughter of nature,but Olenin is a guest from civilization.With their various emotions,Tolstoy shows us the contact between nature and civilization.At first,Olenin wants to cultivate the natural Maliana,but finally he fails to do that;then he wants to decrease himself to nature and merge into the life of Cossack,but he fails,either.With this process,Tolstoy gives us his thoughts about the relation between nature and civilization.Nature and civilization is in opposition and it is hardly to alleviate such opposition.