生物材料在纤维环修复中的研究现实及挑战

Actuality and challenge of biomaterials in annulus fibrosus repair

背景:近年来,应用组织工程技术构建具有生物学结构和功能的组织,为修复退行性变椎间盘带来了新的希望。目的:探讨椎间盘组织工程中纤维环修复材料的研究与进展。方法:由第一作者应用计算机检索Pub Med数据库1991至2017年有关生物材料修复纤维环的文献,检索词为"intervertebral disc,annulus fibrosus,material,scaffold"。结果与结论:生物材料在纤维环修复中扮演着重要作用,主要通过促进细胞外基质的生成和组织再生来恢复纤维环的生理结构和力学性能。目前修复纤维环的材料主要包括天然材料、合成高分子材料、生物组织材料等,天然材料具有良好生物相容性、可降解性及对细胞无明显毒性等优点,但其力学强度较差;合成高分子材料可克服天然材料机械强度弱的不足,同时还具有可重复性、可控性、无免疫原性、易于加工等优点,但其生物相容性、细胞亲和力不及天然材料。将不同材料的优点进行整合,获得更佳的复合材料,成为纤维环修复的主要方向。

BACKGROUND:Recently,tissue-engineered biomaterials for annulus fibrosus repair in the treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration have aroused wide attentions.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the research progress in biomaterials for the repair of annulus fibrosus in intervertebral disc tissue engineering.METHODS:PubMed database(1991-2017)was retrieved by the first author with the key words of“intervertebral disc,annulus fibrosus,material,scaffold”to search relevant articles about the use of biomaterials in annulus fibrosus repair.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Biomaterials play important roles in annulus fibrosus repair,which mainly function to recover the physical structure and mechanical function of the annulus fibrosus by promoting extracellular matrix secretion and tissue regeneration.Current materials mainly used for the repair of annulus fibrosus include natural materials,polymer materials,and biomaterials.Natural materials have good biocompatibility,biodegradability and no cytotoxicity,but their mechanical strength is poor.Polymer materials which overcome the lack of mechanical strength have repeatability,controllability,no immunogenicity,and are easy to be processed,but they have poor biocompatibility and cell affinity,as compared with the natural materials.Therefore,the selection of composite materials by integrating the advantages of different materials becomes the main trend in the annulus fibrosus repair.