大学生器官捐献意愿的文化心理特征

Willingness of organ donation in college students: cultural and mental characteristics

背景:调查显示中国公民对器官捐献的认可程度较高而器官捐献的实际数量较低,除政策、制度等现实制约外,器官捐献仍存在着诸多未被发现的隐性影响因素,其中器官捐献涉及的文化心理因素是研究的薄弱环节,需要加以重视。目的:通过对大学生群体进行器官捐献模拟情境的现象学研究,分析中国文化背景下影响器官捐献意愿的文化心理因素,探讨促进器官捐献工作的操作路径。方法:抽取广州某高校应用心理学专业三年级学生50人,其中男女生分别为19人、31人;并与其中8名同学(男生2名,女生6名)进行了深入访谈。采用质性研究方法,运用现象学研究途径,通过有关器官捐献两难情境故事的引入,由研究者对受访对象进行调查和访谈,经过陈述和分析,探索影响大学生器官捐献意愿的文化心理因素。结果与结论:(1)捐献情境会影响捐献意愿,其中不同的认知、情绪和情感连接是影响捐献意愿的心理因素,死亡、丧失、避讳、意义和尊重是影响捐献意义的文化因素;(2)促成器官捐献意愿的文化心理因素包括:物尽其用、顺其自然、有益他人促进自我实现,赋予意义以实现个人希望;(3)阻碍捐献意愿文化心理因素包括畏惧死亡、文化避讳以及由双重丧失所触发的二次伤害;(4)捐献工作开展应重视死亡教育、注重文化引导、加强社会支持,实际工作时需尊重重要亲人的意见,尽快完善相关制度。

BACKGROUND:Chinese citizens have a high approbation to organ donation,but few take action.Besides the restriction of policies and regulations,there are still many hidden factors,among which the cultural elements should never be neglected.OBJECTIVE:To analyze the cultural and psychological factor affecting the willingness of donors under Chinese cultural background through the phenomenological study on the organ donation simulation in college students,and to explore the strategies for promoting organ donation.METHODS:Totally 50 junior students majored in applied psychology were selected from one university in Guangdong Province,including 19 males and 31 females,and an in-depth interview was performed in 8 students(2 males and 6 females).The participants were interviewed using qualitative research methods and phenomenological approaches after simulating the dilemma of organ donation,to explore the cultural and psychological factors that affect the willingness of college students to donate their organs.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The donation situation will affect the willingness to donate,among which,cognition,sentiment and emotional connections are the psychological factors,and death,loss,taboo,meaning and respect are the cultural factors.Cultural psychological factors contributing to the willingness of organ donation included maximum the organ value,positive mentality,pleasure to help others and life extension.The cultural and psychological factors that bad for the willingness to donate include fear of death,traditional thinking,and uncertainty.To encourage donation,it is necessary to conduct death education,cultural guidance,and strengthen social support,as well as respect the opinions of important families and improve the relevant regulations as quickly as possible.