关于对幼儿开展性知识教育问题的思考——基于幼儿园、家庭视角

Thinking on Sex Education for Children in Kindergarten—from the Perspective of Kindergarten and Family

儿童性侵事件的不断发生,引发我们对幼儿性知识教育的思考。对幼儿进行性知识、防性侵教育主要应从幼儿园、家长两方面入手,同时,还要强化国家和社会责任。幼儿园开展性知识教育,首先,应积极引导幼儿及家长科学理解性知识教育的含义,让幼儿具有性别自认能力和建立性别角色;其次,要为幼儿创造良好的环境,组织各种活动,侧面进行性知识教育,培养科学的性态度,树立正确的性别角色和性意识;教师要正确面对、理解班级幼儿之间发生的"性游戏",为幼儿防性侵打下坚实基础。在家庭开展性知识教育,要求家长正确面对幼儿的各种提问,掌握好性知识教育时机,坚持正面教育原则,注意幼儿的性别角色和性意识的培养,实时为幼儿解答疑惑。家长、幼儿园同时还要重点对幼儿开展防性侵教育,让幼儿树立自我保护意识;掌握防范措施;教会幼儿求救方法和力所能及的反抗;培养孩子生命意识和独立自理能力。国家和社会还要完善幼儿保护法律,健全"二次伤害"防范机制,学习、参考世界各国对儿童性侵案的处罚方法。只有社会、幼儿园、家庭全方位筑起防性侵的"防火墙",才能预防幼儿性侵事件发生,才能还儿童一个健康、自由、快乐的童年。

The frequent occurrence of child sexual abuse draws people’s attention on sex education for children.Both kindergarten and parents should be responsible for conveying sexual information to children.Kindergarten should positively instruct children and parents understand the significance of sex education and help children develop gender identity and gender role.Kindergartens should create sound environment and organize activities to carry out sex education indirectly and communicate scientific attitude toward sex.In addition,teachers in kindergarten should form correct attitude toward games devoting to sex education.As far as parents are concerned,they should be in correct attitude toward children’s questions about sex,and take the chance to educate children.Parents should insist direct education,and answer children’s question directly and instantly.Besides,parents and kindergarten should pay special attention to educate children to develop the sense against sexual assault,helping children develop self-protection sense and precautionary measure and teaching them how to cry for help and defend themselves.Only by joint efforts from parents,kindergarten and the whole society,will child sexual abuse be prevented,and can children live a healthy,free and happy childhood.