未成年人犯罪问题的经济学角度分析

An Economic Analysis of Juvenile Delinquency

近年来"小恶魔"成为媒体热词,未成年人犯罪问题得到了社会各界关注,法经济学思想为解决未成年人犯罪问题提供了理论依据与解决途径。从理性选择角度出发,一个人之所以会犯罪是因为犯罪具有特殊的成本—收益结构。未成年人非经济学意义上完整的"经济人",现行制度下未成人犯罪存在成本过低,惩罚面临多重委托代理关系等问题,导致未成年人犯罪存在责权不清、反向激励等现象。因而,在对未成年人犯罪原因以及惩制问题的经济学分析基础上,提出了针对未成年人犯罪成本的特殊性,需要微观化现有惩罚机制、理清未成年人犯罪的权利义务、构建多方位未成年人犯罪补偿机制的建议。对未成年人犯罪问题的经济学分析,可以从另一个角度解释未成年人犯罪动机及特征,为探索更好的犯罪惩罚及补偿制度提供启示与参考。

In recent years,"Little Devil"has become a media hot word,and the issue of juvenile delinquency has attracted the attention of all circles of society.Thoughts of law and economics provide theoretical basis and solution to solve the problem of juvenile delinquency.From the perspective of rational choice,one can commit crimes because the crime has a special cost-benefit structure.On the economics conception,juveniles are not the complete body of"economic man".Under the current system,the costs of juvenile delinquency is too low,which punishes juveniles face some problems,such as the multiple principal-agent relationships and the liability is unclear etc.These problems cause the unclear liability of juvenile delinquency and the perverse incentives.Therefore,this paper studied the juvenile delinquency reason and punishment system based on economic analysis,and put forward suggestions aiming at the juvenile delinquency cost,need to have microcosmic existed punishment mechanism,clarify the rights and obligations of juvenile crimes,set up multiple juvenile delinquency compensation mechanism,and so on.The paper analyzed the problems of juvenile delinquency from the cost-benefit aspects,to explain the juvenile crime’s motivation and characteristics from economic perspective,to provide inspiration and reference for further exploration of criminal punishment and compensation system.