全祖望对司马光及其弟子思想的诠释与评价——以《宋元学案》为中心

Quan Zuwang's Interpretation and Evaluation to Sima Guang and His Disciples——Focusing on Song Yuan Xue An

全祖望通过修补《宋元学案》填补了思想史上的诸多空白,并致力于学术思想、史料记载及乡邦文献的诠释。全祖望为道学六先生之一、朔学创始人司马光及其高弟刘安世、范祖禹、晁说之分别设立学案,并确立其思想史地位。全祖望通过考证对司马光《资治通鉴》的具体分工提出不同于胡三省的看法。全祖望指出刘安世继承其师的刚健,范祖禹继承其师的纯粹,晁说之继承其师的数学。刘安世谨守诚之工夫而提倡三教合一。范祖禹虽非二程弟子但其学术思想则是一致的。晁说之致力于批判新学与传承经学。全祖望的评价兼顾人品道德与学术思想,并在黄宗羲道、儒合一基础上提出道、儒、文合一的思想史观,体现了兼容并包、去短集长的会通思想。

Quan Zuwang filled up a lot of blanks of intellectual history through repatching Song Yuan Xue An and devoted to the discussion of academic thoughts and historical record and township nation literature.Quan Zuwang set up Xue An for one of Six Neo-Confucianism masters and founder of Shuo Xue,Sima Guang’s and his disciples Liu Anshi,Fan Zuyu and Chao Shuozhi,and established their academic position.Quan Zuwang expressed different opinions with Hu Sanxing on the specific arrangement of Sima Guang’s Zi Zhi Tong Jian.Quan Zuwang pointed out Liu Anshi carried forward Sima Guang’s vigorous,Fan Zuyu carry forward Sima Guang’s pureness and Chao Shuozhi carry forward Sima Guang’s explicating idea by diagrams.Liu Anshi made efforts on Cheng and advocated the combination of three religions.Fan Zuyu was not Er Cheng’s disciple but their academic ideas were the same.Chao Shuozhi devoted himself to criticize Xin Xue and inheriting the study of Confucian classics.Quan Zuwang’s evaluation attached importance to both moral character and academic thoughts,advocated the unification of Neo-Confucianism,Confucian learning and scholars on basis of Huang Zongxi’s unification of Neo-Confucianism and Confucian learning and reflected the thought fusion of compatibility and mutual reinforcement.