全面两孩政策对女性职业发展的影响

Study on the Influence of the Two-Child Policy on Career Development of Women

"全面两孩"政策是我国人口与生育政策的重要调整,有利于更好地满足家庭生育意愿,优化人口结构,应对人口老龄化压力。当代中国,女性已成为劳动力市场不可或缺的人力资源,生育两个孩子可能加剧女性职业准入时的隐性性别歧视,使其陷入升职或生育的两难选择,激化家庭与工作角色冲突,凸显职业发展中"玻璃天花板"效应等问题。职业女性肩负着人口繁衍和社会生产双重责任,只有多方联动,通过健全生育保障制度,推进生育成本社会化,完善公共育儿支持体系等公共政策,将生育行为对女性职业发展的消极影响降到最低,才能提升生育意愿,实现人口与经济社会的可持续发展。

The two-child policy is an important adjustment of national population and family planning policy,which is helpful for satisfying family fertility intension,optimizing population structure and coping with the press of population aging.In contemporary China,the females have become an indispensable human resource.Having a second child may intensify gender discrimination of career access and force the females to face the difficult alternative between promotion and fertility,activate the conflict between family and career,strengthen the glass ceiling effect,etc.Professional female is responsible for population reproduction and social production.To promote the fertility desire,we have to improve the child-bearing guarantee system,socialize the fertility cost and perfect the public parenting support system,which could reduce the negative effect of fertility on career development of women to minimum.It is beneficial to a sustainable development of population,economy and society.