黑色素瘤干细胞标志物研究及其相关治疗:认识与针对性

Melanoma stem cell markers and targeted therapies: awareness and pertinence

背景:黑色素瘤是一种高度恶性的皮肤肿瘤,临床上缺乏有效的治疗手段。目的:就目前已发现的黑色素瘤干细胞标记物及其相关的治疗手段做一综述。方法:使用计算机在PubMed数据库和中国知网数据库检索2010年1月至2016年12月关于黑色素瘤干细胞标志物以及黑色素瘤干细胞治疗的相关文献,中文检索关键词为"黑色素瘤干细胞,标志物,治疗",英文检索关键词"melanoma,cancer stem cell,marker,therapy"。结果与结论:共纳入符合标准的文献40篇。利用肿瘤干细胞表面标志物从肿瘤组织中筛选和分离出肿瘤干细胞对研究肿瘤的生长发展、侵袭转移以及复发耐药的机制至关重要。黑色素瘤干细胞尚无公认的标记物,目前研究较多的有CD20、CD133、CD271、ABCB5和SOX10。黑色素瘤干细胞的相关治疗则主要集中在针对其表面标志物、异常信号通路和微环境等方面。当前,对黑色素瘤干细胞标记物的认识仍十分有限,且其相关性研究也存在着针对性不强的问题,需待更进一步研究。

BACKGROUND:Melanomas,a highly malignant tumor of the skin,have no effective therapy to date.OBJECTIVE:To review the melanoma stem cell markers identified and existing therapies.METHODS:We retrieved database of CNKI and PubMed for articles addressing melanoma stem cell markers and targeted therapies,which were published from January 2010 to December 2016.The key words were“melanoma,cancer stem cell,marker,therapy”in Chinese and English,respectively.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Forty articles were included in the final review.It is important to separate cancer stem cells from tumor cells by tumor stem cell markers for the study of tumor growth,recurrence,metastasis and drug resistance.There are still no generally recognized markers of melanoma stem cells,but the generally studied markers are CD20,CD133,CD271,ABCB5 and SOX10.To date,we have a poor understanding of melanoma stem cell markers,and further investigations on the markers and targeted therapies are warranted.