新兴程度构式“X得不要不要的”探究

Research on Emerging Extent Construction" X de buyaobuyaode(得不要不要的)"

"X得不要不要的"是当代汉语的新兴程度构式。该构式的句法特点是:"X"可以由名词、动词及动词短语、形容词、副词充当;可以独立成句,也能充当谓语、宾语或定语。其语义特点是:构式在语义上可以表达中性、积极和消极的感情色彩。语用特点是:常用于口头语体,也常见于书面语中的文艺语体,具有语气和修辞表达功能。形成机制是:"不要"发生了语用推理,由于语言的经济性原则和社会、心理有限资源的制约,经语言的高频类推作用,"不要不要的"的表达式逐渐格式化,由主观高量否定义本义演变成表示主观评述性的极限程度量构式义,形成了从语法构式X1到修辞构式X2的连续统,并有语法化为语法构式X3的趋势。该构式程度标记的语义在隐喻思维机制化的过程中,产生了从"主观高量否定义"到"主观评述性的极限程度量"的语义演变。

"X de buyaobuyaode"is an emerging extent construction in modern Chinese.The syntax characteristics of the construction are"X"which consists of noun,verb and phrase,djective,adverb act as independent sentence or predicate,object and attribute.The semantic characteristics of the construction are expressing neutral,positive and negative emotion.The pragmatic characteristics of the construction are using in oral style and literary of writing style and having tone and rhetoric expression function.The formation mechanism is overlapping adverb"buyao"to add denotation tab"de"to form"buyaobuyaode"in the construction.According to linguistic economic principle,social and mental restrict and high frequency analogy,"buyaobuyaode"expression becomes format gradually to express from subjective high volume denial original meaning to subjective maximum extent constructional meaning,which form continuum from grammar construction X1 to rhetoric construction X2 and have trend of grammatical of grammar construction X3."buyaobuyaode"construction extent semantics produce semantic evolution from subjective high volume denial original meaning to subjective maximum extent constructional meaning in the process of metaphor thinking institutionalization.