我院抗菌药物的不良反应分析

Analysis of adverse reactions of antimicrobial agents in our hospital

目的:通过对我院抗菌药物不良反应(ADR)发生规律和特点的分析,为临床合理用药提供依据。方法:收集我院2015年1月1日~6月30日30个科室收到的112例抗菌药物ADR报告进行统计分析,记录ADR症状,并分析ADR与患者性别、年龄、涉及ADR抗菌药物种类,给药途径、累及器官及其临床表现等情况。结果:发生ADR男性患者60例(53.57%),女性患者52例(46.43%);患者年龄<18岁发生ADR的18例(16.07%),18~60岁53例(47.32%),>60岁41例(36.61%);引起ADR的抗菌药物中因注射头孢类抗生素51例(45.54%),青霉素类28例(25%),喹诺酮类20例(17.86%),大环内酯类10例(8.93%),其他3例(2.67%);静脉注射方式引起ADR占比较大(81.25%);皮肤及其附件部位发生ADR 41例(36.61%),神经系统21例(18.74%),呼吸系统16例(14.29%),心血管系统14例(12.5%),胃肠道系统13例(11.61%),泌尿系统7例(6.25%)。结论:使用抗菌类药物引起ADR中,以头孢类抗生素为主,静脉注射ADR较多,主要累及皮肤及附件,导致瘙痒、皮疹等症状,需加强我院医务人员对抗菌类药物ADR的监测及药物安全知识学习,合理应用,降低ADR发生率。

Objective:To analyze the regularity and characteristics of ADR in our hospital,and to provide the basis for clinical rational drug use.Methods:Collected the 112 cases ADR report of antibiotics in 30 departments from January 1,2015 to June 30.Patient sex,age,type of ADR antimicrobial agents,route of medication,involvement of organs and their clinical manifestations were analyzed.Results:There were 60 males(53.57%)and 52 females(46.43%)in ADR patients;among the 18 patients(16.07%)were over 18 years old,53 cases(47.32%)were 18耀60 years old,and 41 cases(36.61%)were more than 60 years old;ADR-induced antibacterial drug types:injection of cephalosporin antibiotics in 51 cases(45.54%),28 cases(25%)of penicillin,quinolones in 20 cases(17.86%),10 cases(8.93%)of macrolide,the other 3 cases(2.68%);Intravenous injection caused a higher proportion of ADR(81.25%);41 cases(36.61%)of patients with ADR were treated with skin and its accessories,21 patients(18.75%)in the nervous system,16 patients(14.29%)in the respiratory system,14 patients(12.5%)in the cardiovascular system,13 patients(11.61%)in the gastrointestinal system,7 patients(6.25%)with urinary system.Conclusion:The use of antimicrobial drugs caused ADR,cephalosporin antibiotics mainly intravenous ADR more,mainly involving the skin and accessories,resulting in itching,rash and other symptoms,need to strengthen our hospital medical staff ADR monitoring and anti-bacterial drugs Drug safety knowledge learning,rational use,reduce the occurrence of ADR.