古蔺野生大茶树资源叶表型多样性研究

Leaf Phenotypic Diversity of Big Natural Tea Resource in Gulin

[目的]明确古蔺野生大茶树资源的叶表型多样性。[方法]对古蔺县139份野生大茶树资源(7个天然居群)叶片18个表型性状遗传多样性进行分析。[结果]野生大茶树资源叶片性状变异丰富,变异系数在4.42%~24.28%,其中各性状在各居群间的变异系数最大值均超过10.00%,多样性指数在0.826 1~5.194 7(其中,Simpson指数在0.826 1~1.000 0,Shannon-Weaver指数在2.413 1~5.194 7);对18个叶片表型性状进行主成分分析,前6个主成分叶面积、叶缘、叶片宽度、叶面、叶色、叶身累计贡献率达74.65%;UPGMA聚类分析结果显示,7个居群亲缘关系较近,在遗传距离2.290 0处,7个居群可分为4大类,其中居群2与居群7的遗传距离最大,为3.966 2,居群4与居群5之间的遗传距离最小,为1.932 9。[结论]该研究结果为茶树优异种质资源的收集保存、良种选育及开发利用提供了参考。

[Objective]The aim was to clear leaf phenotypic diversity of big natural tea resource in Gulin.[Method]The phentypic diversity analysis of 18 leaf morphological traits of 139 big natural tea resources(7 natural populations)was carried out.[Result]The phentotypic traits of big natural tea resources were of extremely rich variation.The variation coefficient of 18 leaf morphological traits ranged from 4.42%to 24.28%,with more than 10.00%among all the natural populations.The diversity index ranged from 0.826 1 to 5.194 7(the Simpson index from 0.826 1 to 1.000 0,the Shannon-Weaver index from 2.413 1 to 5.194 7).Principal component analysis of 18 phenttypic traits were analyzed,the result showed that the traits involving leaf area,leaf margin undulation,leaf width,leaf upper surface,leaf colour,leaf cross section were the main factors with the accumulated contribution at 74.65%.The seven populations could be divided into four categories when the distance coefficient was 2.290 0 by UPGMA.The genetic distance of population 2 and population 7 was the biggest for 3.996 2,but the genetic distance of population 4 and population 5 was least for 1.932 9.[Conclusion]The results provide reference for collection,breeding,development and utilization of tea tree excellent germplasm resources.