基于GIS的栖霞市苹果种植区土地适宜性评价

Land Suitability Evaluation of Apple Planting Areas Based on GIS in Qixia City

以苹果产区烟台栖霞市为研究区,在GIS技术的支持下,结合层次分析法与空间插值等数学方法,从供水、热量、土壤和地形4个方面选取13项具体指标,对栖霞市苹果种植区的适宜性进行了定量评价,并且对苹果产区的布局提出了调整建议。结果表明:(1)栖霞市苹果种植最适宜区-适宜区-次适宜区和不适宜区的面积分别为166.70 km^2、295.59 km^2、936.00 km^2、607.84 km^2,分别占土地总面积的8.31%、14.73%、46.66%、30.30%;苹果适生区主要分布在东北部、东南部、南部的河谷与河流冲积平原区域,不适生区主要分布在中东部山区地带;(2)利用层次分析法的组合权重分析可知,地表水源、土壤类型、果实期昼夜温差、海拔和坡度为影响该地区苹果种植适宜性的主要指标;(3)与第二次土地调查数据对比发现,目前栖霞市苹果种植面积为391.20 km^2,而适生区面积为462.29 km^2,苹果适生区面积大于现有果园面积,苹果种植业仍具有较大的发展空间;白洋河下游平原以北的丘陵缓坡区域、清阳河冲积平原区适生性较高但并不是主要的苹果分布区,可以适当开发为新的苹果种植区。

Taking Qixia City of Yantai as the research area,with the support of GIS technology,combined with analytic hierarchy process(AHP)and spatial interpolation,13 specific indexes were selected from 4 aspects of water supply,heat,soil and topography.The suitability of apple growing area in Qixia city was evaluated quantitatively,and some suggestions were put forward to adjust the distribution of apple growing area.The results showed that:(1)The suitability of Qixia’s apple planting can be divided into four grades,namely,the most suitable,suitable,less suitable and unsuitable.The areas are 166.70 km2,295.59 km2,936.00 km2,607.84 km2,and account for 8.31%,14.73%,46.66%,30.30%,respectively.The most suitable areas are mainly distributed in northeast,southeast,southern valley and river alluvial plain area,the unsuitable areas are mainly distributed in middle,eastern mountainous region.(2)According to the combined weight analysis of analytic hierarchy process,surface water source,soil type,day and night temperature difference,elevation and slope are the main indexes to influence the planting suitability of apple in the region.(3)Compared with the second land survey data,it was found that the planting area of apple in Qixia was 391.20 km2,and the area of suitable area was 462.29 km2.The apple growing area is larger than the existing orchard area,and the apple planting industry still has a large development space.The hilly slopes north of the Baiyanghe plain and the Qingyang river alluvial plain area are of high natural origin but not the main apple distribution area,which can be properly developed as a new apple growing area.