我国城乡门/急诊伤害病例分布横断面研究

A cross-sectional study of distribution of outpatient and emergency injury cases in urban and rural areas of China

目的了解我国城乡门/急诊伤害病例的分布特征。方法利用2015年全国伤害监测系统(NISS)数据,分析我国城乡门/急诊伤害病例人口学特征、基本分布特征和相关临床特征。结果 2015年NISS共收集城乡病例708 856例,男性病例是女性的1.65倍,城市病例是农村病例的1.83倍。城乡伤害原因前3位依次都是跌倒/坠落、道路交通伤害和钝器伤;城市伤害主要发生在家中、公路/街道和公共居住场所,农村伤害主要集中在公路/街道、家中和工业和建筑场所;城乡伤害病例都以非故意(意外事故)伤害为主,受伤部位集中在头部、上肢和下肢,多为轻度受伤,处理后即可离院。结论我国城乡伤害发生原因和地点不同,城市伤害死亡率高于农村,需针对城乡不同特点制定相关预防策略和措施。

Objective To survey the distribution characteristics of outpatient and emergency injury cases in urban and rural in China.Methods Data from the National Injury Surveillance System(NISS)in 2015 were used to analyze the demographic characteristics,distribution characteristics and related clinical features of urban and rural injury cases in China.Results NISS collected 708 856 injury cases of urban and rural areas in 2015.The male cases were 1.65 times higher as the female cases and urban cases were 1.83 times higher as rural cases.The urban and rural injuries were mainly caused by falls,road traffic and blunt injuries.Urban injuries mainly occurred at home,roads/streets and public places of residence,while rural injuries mainly occurred in the highway/street,home and industrial and construction places.Urban and rural injuries were unintentional(accident)damage-based,mainly involving the head,upper limbs and lower limbs.Most of the injuries were mild in feature,and no hospitalizations are needed.Conclusion The causes and location of urban and rural injury were different in China,urban injury mortality was higher than that in rural areas,the relevant injury prevention strategies and measures are needed for urban and rural areas.