铝/钢异质金属搅拌摩擦焊技术研究进展

Research progress of dissimilar friction stir welding between aluminum and steel

铝/钢异质金属复合结构具有轻质节能、降低成本、可以满足不同的工作条件等特点,在航空航天、船舶制造等领域的应用日益受到重视。由于铝和钢的物理化学性质存在巨大差异,铝和钢的连接成为焊接领域的难点问题。搅拌摩擦焊作为一种固相连接方法,具有热输入低、高温停留时间短、焊接变形小等特点,对克服铝/钢异质金属性能差异带来的焊接困难具有优势,已成为铝/钢异质金属焊接的研究热点。综述了铝/钢异质金属搅拌摩擦焊国内外研究现状,主要涉及搅拌头材料选择与结构设计、焊缝成形、焊接工艺窗口、力学性能、接头冶金结合、连接机制以及外源辅助搅拌摩擦焊新技术,可以为铝/钢异质金属结构的轻量化设计提供新思路,最后对其发展趋势进行了展望。

The aluminum/steel heterogeneous composite structures have many advantages,such as light weight,energy saving,cost reduction,and meeting different working conditions,which has attracted more and more attention in aerospace,shipbuilding and other fields.Due to the great differences in the physical and chemical properties between aluminum and steel,the joining of aluminum to steel becomes a difficult problem in welding fields.As a solid-state welding method,friction stir welding with low heat input,short residence time at high temperature and small welding deformation,has advantages to overcome the welding difficulties caused by the different performance of aluminum/steel dissimilar alloys.Friction stir welding has become a hot research topic in the aluminum/steel dissimilar alloys welding.In this paper,the current research status of friction stir welding of aluminum/steel dissimilar alloys was reviewed,which mainly deals with the selection of the tool materials and structure design,weld formation,welding process window,mechanical properties,joint metallurgical bonding,joining mechanism and external assisted friction stir welding,which can provides a new idea for the lightweight design of aluminum/steel heterogeneous structure.Finally,the development trend of the joining for aluminum/steel heterogeneous structure was forecasted.