中美自愿性标准体制比较——基于市场标准的视角

Comparison Between Chinese and American Voluntary Standards Systems:Based on Market Standards

团体标准在中国属于新生事物,与美国发展成熟的自愿性标准相比,无论从规模、影响范围、还是发展环境上都有显著差异。本文从非营利组织发展程度、非营利组织标准化能力、政府态度、市场需求和国外经验五个方面对中国团体标准和美国自愿性标准进行了比较,提出了中国发展团体标准的对策建议,认为政府可从团体标准及其制定组织两个层面采取措施,同时在充分认识美国自愿性标准体系适用性基础上,借鉴其实践经验。

Association standards,set by social organizations,are new in China,and are significantly different from the established voluntary standards of the US in terms of scale,influence and the environment.This paper compares Chinese and American systems for setting industrial standards.The paper focuses on five aspects:the degree of development of these nonprofit associations,the abilities of the associations,government attitudes,market demand and overseas experiences.The paper culminates in a discussion of policy implications for China^reform efforts.An important argument is that the government should take measures on association standards and standard-setting organizations.This would require a deep understanding of the applicability of the US approach to voluntary standards.