不同无土栽培基质对番茄产量和品质的影响

Effects of Different Soilless Culture Substrates on Yield and Quality of Tomato

通过不同栽培基质对比试验,对草炭、樱花~农用岩棉、椰糠及自主设计的混合基质(草炭+珍珠岩)进行筛选,以探求上海周边地区最适合番茄生长的无土栽培基质。试验结果表明,樱花~农用岩棉栽培有利于番茄生长发育,其产量最高为30 kg/m^2,分别比纯草炭、椰糠、混合基质增产42.86%、20.00%、36.36%;水分生产效率最高,为54.08 kg/m^3;维生素C、番茄红素和还原糖含量最高,分别为8.30、3.40、0.76 mg/100 g,亚硝酸盐含量最低;其经济效益最高,每1 m^2达到97.8元,较纯草炭、椰糠、混合基质增加45.31%、11.89%、31.81%。樱花~农用岩棉能明显提高番茄产量和品质,提高水分利用效率,增加经济效益,更适合在上海周边地区推广应用。

In order to screen out suitable soilless culture substrates for tomato growth,the comparative experiment of different cultivation substrates were carried out,and the cultivation substrates were peat,YinghuaR agricultural rock wool,coconut chaff,and independent designed mixed substrate.The results showed that YinghuaR agricultural rock wool was conducive to the growth and development of tomato,and the its yield was the highest of 30 kg/m2,which was 42.86%,20.00%and 36.36%higher than that of pure peat,coconut chaff and mixed substrate respectively.It also had the highest water production efficiency of 54.08 kg/m3,and its contents of vitamin C,lycopene and reducing sugars were the highest which were 8.30 mg/100 g,3.40 mg/100 g,0.76 mg/100 g respectively,but its nitrite content was the lowest.Its economic benefit was the highest of 97.8 Yuan/m2,which was 45.31%,11.89%,31.81%higher than that of pure peat,coconut chaff and mixed substrate.Yinghua R agricultural rock wool could obviously increase the yield and quality of tomato,improve water use efficiency and increase economic efficiency,thus it was suitable for popularization and application in Shanghai area.