饮马河流域水环境综合风险时空分布

Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Water Environmental Comprehensive Risk in Yinma River Basin

为评价饮马河流域水环境综合风险,从水环境风险的危险性、暴露性、脆弱性及区域治理能力4个方面构建了饮马河流域水环境综合风险评估体系.选取2000年、2005年、2010年和2015年的水环境数据进行分析,采用水环境污染风险指数法和层次分析法对饮马河流域水环境综合风险进行评估,并绘制了各年度饮马河流域的风险空间分布图,分析了饮马河流域水环境风险空间变化特征.结果表明:2000—2015年,各危险性指标的量化值不断减小;暴露性指标中,耕地面积不断扩大,工业企业个数不断增加,人口密度变化不明显;各脆弱性指标的量化值不断减小;水环境区域治理能力各指标的量化值不断增大.研究显示,2000—2015年,流域内水环境危险性和脆弱性不断降低,暴露性和区域治理能力逐渐升高,水环境风险逐渐降低;其中,长春市一直处于水环境高风险水平,伊通县一直处于低风险水平.

To assess the comprehensive risk of water environment in Yinma River Basin,four indices including hazard,exposure,vulnerability and regional governance capability,were built to describe water environment characteristics.The comprehensive risk assessmental system of water environment was built by integrating four indices.Using the selected water environment data of year 2000,2005,2010 and 2015,the water environmental comprehensive risk was calculated and assessed based on methods of the analytic hierarchy process(AHP)and water pollution risk index in Yinma River Basin.The spatial and temporal variation characteristics of water environment risk were drawn and analyzed.The results showed that the indicators decreased gradually in hazard index,cultivated land area and the number of industrial enterprises increased,and the change of population density was not obvious in exposure index,the indicators decreased gradually in vulnerability index,and regional government ability indicator increased continuously from 2000 to 2015.After calculation,the results showed that the hazard and vulnerability of water environment decreased,while the exposure and regional governance ability increased,and the comprehensive risk of water environment has decreased gradually.Especially,Changchun city has always been at a high level of water environmental risk and Yitong county has always been at a low level in the Yinma River Basin.