守土与调适:中国政治传播的制度结构及其变迁

Guarding and Adapting:The Institutional Structure and Changes of Political Communication in China

中国政治传播是一个系统运作的过程,这一系统又被称为"宣传文化系统"。一直以来,鲜有文献对这个运作过程进行正面的描绘。本文以文件或官方公开出版物等为基础资料,梳理中国政治传播运作中的正式机构及其关系。中国政治传播结构有以下特征:一是政党领导原则,二是合纵连横的大宣传系统,三是在结构上分为内容输出、信息管理两个部分。以上结构性特征是中国政治坚守的原则性问题。当前中国的政治传播在政治发展的进程当中,或主动调整、或被动适应着中国社会与媒介环境的新变化,这甚至影响到了稳定的制度设置。中国政治传播相关组织机构的增减或结构变化,实际上是各机构职能范围的重新界定与调整,深层次反映了国家战略的调整以及政治价值的变迁。从制度变迁来看,中国政治传播不再仅仅是意识形态的宣传,而且成为一种混合现代价值倾向的国家治理手段。

The operating of political communication in China is a systematic process, which is also known as the "publicity and cultural system". The process of political communication in China has been rarely described in the literature. Based on the official documents published by the government, this article summarizes the official institutions of China's political communication and their relationship. The institutional structure of China's political communication has the following features:first, the principle of party leadership; second, it is a big publicity system; third, this is a "one body and two sides"system, including content output and information censorship. The above structural features is a matter of principle that political power sticks to. Political communication system in the current China proactively or passively adapts the change of society and media environment, which even affects the stable institution. The change of the institutions is in fact the redefinition and adjustment of the functions of China 's political communications, which reflects the deep adjustment of the national strategy as well as change of political values.